Prague Castle Guide

Welcome to Prague Castle, a UNESCO World Heritage site and one of the most significant landmarks in the Czech Republic. This comprehensive guide aims to provide you with everything you need to know before visiting, ensuring a memorable and enriching experience. From its rich history and stunning architecture to its numerous attractions and practical visitor information, we’ve got you covered.

A Brief History of Prague Castle

Prague Castle boasts a history spanning over a millennium, dating back to the 9th century. Founded by Prince Bořivoj, it initially served as a wooden fortress. Over the centuries, it evolved from a princely residence to a royal seat and, eventually, the official residence of the President of the Czech Republic.

The castle’s development reflects the changing fortunes and ambitions of the Bohemian rulers. Each successive monarch left their mark on the complex, contributing to its diverse architectural styles, including Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque. Key periods in its history include the reign of Charles IV, who transformed Prague into the imperial capital of the Holy Roman Empire, and the Habsburg era, which saw significant renovations and expansions.

Throughout its history, Prague Castle has witnessed numerous pivotal events, from royal coronations and political intrigues to religious conflicts and artistic flourishing. It has been a symbol of power, resilience, and national identity for the Czech people.

Early Foundations and Romanesque Period

The origins of Prague Castle are intertwined with the rise of the Přemyslid dynasty, the ruling family of Bohemia. Prince Bořivoj, considered the founder of the castle, established a fortified settlement on Hradčany Hill around 880 AD. The first religious building, the Church of the Virgin Mary, was constructed within the castle walls, marking the beginning of its spiritual significance.

During the Romanesque period (10th-12th centuries), the castle underwent significant expansion. Stone buildings replaced the original wooden structures, reflecting the growing power and wealth of the Bohemian rulers. The Basilica of St. George, a prime example of Romanesque architecture, was founded by Prince Vratislav I and later expanded. Its sturdy walls and rounded arches stand as a testament to the architectural style of the era.

The Gothic Transformation Under Charles IV

The reign of Charles IV (1346-1378) marked a golden age for Prague Castle and the city as a whole. Charles, who also served as the Holy Roman Emperor, transformed Prague into a major European cultural and political center. He initiated the construction of St. Vitus Cathedral, a magnificent Gothic masterpiece that would become the spiritual heart of the castle.

Charles IV’s architectural vision extended beyond the cathedral. He oversaw the construction of the Old Royal Palace, the main royal residence, which featured impressive Gothic halls and chapels. He also commissioned the construction of the Charles Bridge, connecting the castle to the Old Town, further solidifying Prague’s importance as a major trade and transportation hub.

The Gothic style, characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and stained-glass windows, dominated the castle’s architecture during this period. The emphasis was on verticality and light, creating a sense of awe and spiritual transcendence.

The Renaissance and Habsburg Influence

The Renaissance period (15th-16th centuries) brought new architectural influences to Prague Castle. While the Gothic style remained prominent, Renaissance elements, such as classical columns, symmetrical facades, and decorative details, began to appear. The Belvedere, also known as the Queen Anne’s Summer Palace, is a prime example of Renaissance architecture within the castle complex.

The Habsburg dynasty, which ruled Bohemia from the 16th century until 1918, significantly impacted the castle’s development. Emperor Rudolf II, a patron of the arts and sciences, transformed Prague into a center of intellectual and artistic activity. He expanded the castle with new wings and galleries, housing his vast collection of art, scientific instruments, and curiosities.

The Habsburgs also commissioned Baroque renovations and expansions, adding a layer of grandeur and opulence to the castle. The Theresian Wing, built in the 18th century, is a notable example of Baroque architecture, characterized by its ornate decorations and dramatic use of light and shadow.

Modern Era and Presidential Residence

Following the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918, Prague Castle became the official residence of the President of Czechoslovakia, later the Czech Republic. President Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, the first president of Czechoslovakia, played a crucial role in restoring the castle’s significance as a symbol of national identity and independence.

Under Masaryk’s leadership, the castle underwent extensive renovations and restorations, aimed at preserving its historical heritage and adapting it to its new role as a presidential residence. The architect Jože Plečnik was commissioned to design new interiors and gardens, blending modern functionality with traditional architectural styles.

Today, Prague Castle continues to serve as the official residence of the President of the Czech Republic and a major tourist attraction. It stands as a testament to the country’s rich history, architectural diversity, and cultural heritage.

Key Attractions Within Prague Castle

Prague Castle is a sprawling complex encompassing numerous palaces, churches, gardens, and museums. Here are some of the key attractions you should not miss during your visit:

St. Vitus Cathedral

St. Vitus Cathedral is the crown jewel of Prague Castle and one of the most impressive Gothic cathedrals in Europe. Its construction spanned over six centuries, from the 14th century to the early 20th century, resulting in a blend of Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque styles. The cathedral is dedicated to St. Vitus, St. Wenceslas, and St. Adalbert, patron saints of Bohemia.

The cathedral’s exterior is adorned with intricate sculptures, gargoyles, and stained-glass windows, depicting biblical scenes and historical figures. The main tower offers panoramic views of Prague, while the interior is filled with artistic treasures, including the Chapel of St. Wenceslas, the tomb of St. John of Nepomuk, and the royal crypt.

Visitors can admire the stunning stained-glass windows designed by Alfons Mucha, a renowned Art Nouveau artist. The cathedral’s grandeur and spiritual significance make it a must-see attraction for anyone visiting Prague Castle.

Old Royal Palace

The Old Royal Palace served as the residence of Bohemian rulers from the 11th century to the 16th century. It is a complex of halls, chambers, and courtyards, reflecting the changing architectural styles of different eras. The palace witnessed numerous historical events, including royal coronations, banquets, and political negotiations.

The Vladislav Hall, the largest secular hall in medieval Prague, is a highlight of the Old Royal Palace. It was used for coronation ceremonies, royal feasts, and tournaments. The hall’s impressive ribbed vaulting and Renaissance windows are a testament to the architectural prowess of the time.

The Diet, where Bohemian nobles met to discuss matters of state, and the Bohemian Chancellery, where the Defenestration of Prague took place in 1618, are also located within the Old Royal Palace. These historical sites offer insights into the political history of Bohemia.

Golden Lane

Golden Lane is a picturesque street of tiny houses located within Prague Castle. Built in the 16th century, these houses originally served as homes for castle guards, goldsmiths, and other artisans. The lane is known for its charming atmosphere and colorful facades.

Legend has it that alchemists once resided in Golden Lane, searching for the philosopher’s stone. While this legend is not historically accurate, it adds to the lane’s mystique. Franz Kafka, the famous writer, lived in house number 22 for a brief period, adding to the lane’s literary significance.

Today, the houses in Golden Lane have been transformed into shops, galleries, and museums, showcasing traditional crafts and historical exhibits. Visitors can explore the lane’s unique atmosphere and learn about its fascinating history.

St. George’s Basilica

St. George’s Basilica is the oldest church within Prague Castle, dating back to the 10th century. It is a prime example of Romanesque architecture, characterized by its sturdy walls, rounded arches, and simple design. The basilica served as a place of worship for the Benedictine nuns who resided in the adjacent St. George’s Convent.

The basilica’s interior is decorated with frescoes and paintings, depicting biblical scenes and the lives of saints. The tomb of St. Ludmila, the grandmother of St. Wenceslas, is located within the basilica. The chapel of St. John of Nepomuk, added in the 18th century, is a Baroque masterpiece.

St. George’s Basilica offers a glimpse into the early history of Prague Castle and the development of religious architecture in Bohemia.

Powder Tower (Mihulka)

The Powder Tower, also known as Mihulka, is a cylindrical tower located near the northern entrance to Prague Castle. Originally built as part of the castle’s fortifications, it later served as a gunpowder store, hence its name. In the 16th century, it was used as a laboratory for alchemists during the reign of Emperor Rudolf II.

The Powder Tower now houses an exhibition on the history of the castle guards and the alchemists who worked within its walls. Visitors can climb to the top of the tower for panoramic views of Prague.

Rosenberg Palace

The Rosenberg Palace is a Renaissance palace located on the western side of Prague Castle. It was built in the 16th century for the Rosenberg family, one of the most powerful noble families in Bohemia. The palace later served as the residence of unmarried noblewomen.

The Rosenberg Palace now houses a collection of artwork and historical artifacts, showcasing the history of the palace and the lives of its former residents. Visitors can explore the palace’s elegant rooms and courtyards, gaining insights into the lives of Bohemian nobility.

Prague Castle Gardens

Prague Castle is surrounded by a series of beautiful gardens, offering a tranquil escape from the bustling city. The Royal Garden, located north of the castle, is the largest and most impressive garden. It features fountains, sculptures, pavilions, and a Renaissance-style summer palace known as the Belvedere.

The South Gardens, located on the southern side of the castle, offer stunning views of Prague. These gardens are divided into several terraces, each with its own unique character. The Paradise Garden, the Garden on the Ramparts, and the Hartig Garden are among the most popular South Gardens.

The gardens provide a peaceful setting for relaxation and contemplation, offering a respite from the crowds of tourists. They are also a testament to the horticultural skills and artistic vision of the gardeners who created them.

Planning Your Visit to Prague Castle

Planning your visit to Prague Castle in advance can help you make the most of your time and avoid unnecessary stress. Here are some practical tips and information to consider:

Tickets and Opening Hours

Prague Castle offers several ticket options, allowing you to choose the attractions you want to visit. The most popular ticket options include Circuit A, Circuit B, and Circuit C. Circuit A includes St. Vitus Cathedral, Old Royal Palace, Golden Lane with Daliborka Tower, St. George’s Basilica, and Rosenberg Palace. Circuit B includes St. Vitus Cathedral, Old Royal Palace, Golden Lane with Daliborka Tower, and St. George’s Basilica. Circuit C includes St. Vitus Treasury, Prague Castle Picture Gallery. Individual tickets are also available for some attractions.

Tickets can be purchased online in advance or at the ticket offices located within the castle complex. Purchasing tickets online can save you time and avoid long queues, especially during peak season.

Prague Castle is open daily, but opening hours vary depending on the season and the specific attraction. St. Vitus Cathedral is typically open from 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM, while the Old Royal Palace is open from 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM. The Golden Lane is open from 9:00 AM to 6:00 PM. The gardens are open from April to October. It is advisable to check the official Prague Castle website for the most up-to-date opening hours before your visit.

Getting to Prague Castle

Prague Castle is located on Hradčany Hill, overlooking the city. There are several ways to get to the castle:

• Tram: Tram lines 22 and 23 stop near the castle. Get off at the Pražský hrad stop.
• Metro: Take the Metro A (green line) to Malostranská station. From there, it is a steep but scenic walk up to the castle.
• Walking: Walking to the castle is a popular option, especially if you want to explore the charming streets of Malá Strana (Lesser Town) along the way.
• Taxi/Uber: Taxis and Uber are readily available in Prague, but they can be more expensive than public transportation.

Consider wearing comfortable shoes, as you will be doing a lot of walking on cobblestone streets and uphill paths.

Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit Prague Castle is during the shoulder seasons (April-May and September-October). The weather is pleasant, the crowds are smaller, and the prices are generally lower. Summer (June-August) is the peak tourist season, so expect large crowds and higher prices. Winter (November-March) can be cold and snowy, but it also offers a unique atmosphere, especially during the Christmas holidays.

To avoid the biggest crowds, try to visit Prague Castle early in the morning or later in the afternoon. Weekdays are generally less crowded than weekends.

Guided Tours

Consider taking a guided tour of Prague Castle to learn more about its history, architecture, and significance. Guided tours are available in various languages and can be booked online in advance or at the tourist information centers within the castle complex. A knowledgeable guide can provide valuable insights and help you navigate the complex efficiently.

Accessibility

Prague Castle is located on a hill and involves a lot of walking, which can be challenging for people with mobility issues. Some parts of the castle complex are accessible to wheelchairs, but others are not. St. Vitus Cathedral has limited wheelchair access. It is advisable to check the accessibility information on the official Prague Castle website before your visit.

Food and Drink

There are several cafes, restaurants, and souvenir shops located within the Prague Castle complex. You can find a variety of food and drink options, ranging from traditional Czech cuisine to international dishes. Prices tend to be higher within the castle complex than in other parts of Prague.

You are also allowed to bring your own food and drinks into the castle, but please be respectful of the environment and dispose of your trash properly.

Security

Prague Castle is a secure area, and security checks are in place at the entrances. Be prepared to have your bags checked and to pass through a metal detector. Large backpacks and luggage may not be allowed inside some attractions. It is advisable to leave valuables at your hotel or accommodation.

Photography

Photography is allowed in most areas of Prague Castle, but flash photography is often prohibited inside the historical buildings. Be respectful of other visitors and avoid blocking pathways or interfering with their experience.

Beyond the Castle Walls: Exploring Prague

While Prague Castle is a major attraction in itself, there is much more to explore in the beautiful city of Prague. Consider extending your visit to discover other historical landmarks, cultural attractions, and hidden gems:

Charles Bridge

Charles Bridge is an iconic medieval bridge connecting the Old Town and Lesser Town. Adorned with statues of saints and offering stunning views of Prague Castle, it is a must-see landmark.

Old Town Square

Old Town Square is the heart of Prague, surrounded by historical buildings, churches, and the famous Astronomical Clock. It is a vibrant hub of activity, with street performers, markets, and festivals throughout the year.

Jewish Quarter

The Jewish Quarter, also known as Josefov, is a historic neighborhood with synagogues, museums, and the Old Jewish Cemetery. It offers insights into the rich history and culture of Prague’s Jewish community.

Petřín Hill

Petřín Hill is a green oasis offering panoramic views of Prague. You can climb the Petřín Lookout Tower, a miniature version of the Eiffel Tower, or explore the rose garden and the mirror maze.

Vyšehrad

Vyšehrad is a historical fortress located on a hill overlooking the Vltava River. It offers stunning views of Prague and houses the Basilica of St. Peter and Paul, the Vyšehrad Cemetery, and the Rotunda of St. Martin.

Czech Cuisine

Don’t miss the opportunity to sample traditional Czech cuisine, such as goulash, dumplings, roast pork, and trdelník (a sweet pastry). Visit local restaurants and pubs to experience the authentic flavors of Prague.

Conclusion

Prague Castle is a treasure trove of history, architecture, and culture, offering a captivating experience for visitors of all ages. By planning your visit in advance and exploring the key attractions, you can create lasting memories of this remarkable landmark. We hope this comprehensive guide has provided you with valuable information and inspiration for your journey to Prague Castle. Enjoy your visit!